Using Big Data to Defend Against Cyber Threats

Using Big Data to Defend Against Cyber Threats Abstract In todays world, there are petabytes of data being moved by the minute, that data is analyzed and algorithms are developed so companies can critique and improve their services, ultimately increasing their profit, this is called BIG DATA. Majority of the being moved holds critical information such as social security numbers, health information, locations, passwords and more. When data is compromised BILLIONS of dollars are at risk, affecting the companys integrity and the people who data is stolen livelihood, the security of big data is vital to a companys present and future success. Big data is the large volume data which is difficult in processing through traditional method. Security and privacy for big data as well as Big Data management and analytics are important for cyber security. As the field of Cyber Security is increasingly becoming more and more in demand every day, big data is being pushed to the forefront rapidly for big businesses. Big datas main role is to mine and analyze large sets of data to find behavioral trends and common patterns. From a cyber security perspective, I feel as though big data has ushered in a new wave of possibilities in regards to analytics and provided security solutions to prevent and protect data from future cyber-attacks. I have cyphered through large amounts text in regards to big datas effectiveness. It is important to understand its effectiveness to better help companies both utilize and protect its data from cyber criminals. The break-out participants pointed out that Big Data analysis for cyber security is for malici ous adversary that can launch attacks to avoid being detected. The Privacy preserving biometric authentication must be secured and biometrics represent sensitive information that needs to be strongly protected. Big Data analysis for Preventing cyber-attacks is vital important in security and data management. Enforcing access control policies in big data stores is very important approach to secure the big data. Keywords: Network Protection, Analytics, and Analysis Introduction Big data is key to the evolution of technology, it is used to improve the services companies provide by developing algorithms through analyzation of each users data. An example of big data would be the popular social media application Instagram. Every user has access to an explore page, that explore page is based off the pictures each user likes, comments on or may have in common with a follower. This small action, improves the experience of the user and increases the time the user uses that application, ultimately bringing in more money. Big data is continuing to be used on bigger platforms including financial services, health services, weather, politics, sports, science and research, automobiles, real estate, and now cyber security. An important way to monitor your network is to set up a big data analysis program. Big data analysis is the process of examining large data sets to uncover hidden patterns, unknown correlations, market trends, customer preferences and other useful busin ess information. So with our topic being how big data analytics can prevent cyber-attack, its a pretty simple answer that knowing what data is traveling on your network can help prevent a cyber-attack by helping you to track everything that comes onto the network where you can decide if it make be harmful or not. This research will show just how simple it is to recognize unfamiliar data in your network and track where each piece of data goes. Big data is high-volume, high-velocity and high-variety information assets. Big data are collected through social networking, cell phones, interacting web application. Billions of bytes of data are collected through various medium every minutes. Big data demands cost-effective, innovative forms of information processing for enhanced insight and decision making. There is always issue on the storage and processing these large data set. Storage, management and analysis of large quantities of data also result in security and privacy violations. Privacy and security have compromised while storing, managing and analyzing the large quantities of large data. When dealing with big data, it is necessary to maintain the well balance approach towards regulations and analytics. (http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1097/STIDS2013_P1_JanssenGrady.pdf) Data management and analytical techniques can be used to solve security problems. The massive amounts of data are being collected and this data has to be analyzed to defend cyber-attacks. There are issues on security and privacy for big data, data management and analytics to secure the data. Big Data is major in database management. There are many data communities that they are developing large data and its solutions for efficiently managing and analyzing large sets of data. Big Data research and development need to do in academic, industrial and government research labs to protect it. Cloud data management include malware detection, insider threat detection, intrusion detection, and spam filtering. There needs more attention in security and privacy considerations for Big Data including systems, data and networks. Big organization or government agency who are the big data collector need to come together to develop solutions for Big Data security and privacy. The big data privacy, integrity and trust policies need to examine inside the context of Big Data security. The collection and mining data concerning user activities and travel can be used to find out across geographical areas like knowing the originated of the any disease that outbreak. The collection on the social media, posting videos and photos and status can help to recognize to any criminal or terrorist activities. There are many other domains and data technologies play the major role in strengthening security. The break-out participants pointed out that Big Data analysis for cyber security needs to deal with adaptive, malicious adversary that can potentially launch attacks to avoid being detected. The denial of information attacks is one of the attack that has to be considered as big threat for data privacy. Big data analysis for cyber security need to operate in high volume like data coming from multiple intrusion detection systems and sensors and high noise environments, changing normal system usage data is mixed with stealth advanced persistent threat related data. Big data analytical tools that can integrate data from host, network, social networks, bug reports, mobile devices, and internet of things sensors to detect attacks. The biometric authentication must be secured. The authentication requires recording biometrics of users and used for matching with templates provided by users at authentication time. Templates of user biometrics represent sensitive information that needs to be strongly protected. In the different environments in which users have to interact with many different service providers have to interact by applying hashing security technique. Today, cyber threat is increasing because existing security measure systems are not capable of detecting them. Previously, attacks had simpleton aim to attack or destroy the system. However, the destination of Holocene epoch hacking onrush has changed from leaking selective information and demolition of services to attacking large-scale systems such as critical substructure and state authority. Existing defense reaction applied science to detect these tone-beginning are based on pattern matching method acting which are very limited. To defend against these stranger attacks. Researchers can propose a new simulation based on big data analysis technique that can extract information to detect future attacks. This author state Within the last few 4 sentiency of twelvemonth, Network Behavior Analysis (NBA) has been one of these emerging technologies that have been sell as a security direction tool to improve the current network surety status. The briny focusing of NBA is to proctor inbound and outbound dealings associated with the network to ensure that nothing is getting into the host, package, and application political program systems which helps enhance the overall security measuring section of the network at all story ( Anand, T). It is stated that approximately 25 % of large endeavor systems will be using NBA by 2011. First, the model has little proactive capableness posture toward preventing any security incident because the architecture is material body with technologies that discover most security events in progression while it misses opportunities to detect and firmness other small menace before it become problems job for the network. Enforcing access control policies in big data stores is to secure the data storage. Some of the recent Big Data systems allow its users to submit arbitrary jobs using programming languages. This creates challenges to enforce fine grained access control efficiently for different users. To control such challenge there need to apply how to efficiently enforce such policies in recently developed Big Data stores. Big Data analysis for Preventing Cyber Attacks is vital important in security and data management. Big Data analysis systems that can easily track sensitive data using the capture provenance information can potentially detect sensitive information goes in the hackers hand. Building the provenance aware Big data analysis systems is needed for cyberattack prevention. The big data tool is for cyber security can potentially mine useful attacker motivations, technical capabilities, and modus to prevent future attacks. At the point when managing security issues in the present civil argument encompassing enormous information investigation, the feeling that one may frequently accumulate is that we are within the sight of a contention between positions which cant without much of a stretch be accommodated. It is as though protection were an obstacle to development spoke to by the open doors offered by big data, a weight originating from the past. Then again as though big data will bring the end of protection, an inescapable infringement of the private circle for mechanical advancement. We tend to be skeptical on this thought of a contention and, rather, we feel this is just history rehashing itself, like each time an innovation move happens, particularly at its initial stage. Toward the end, it is every one of an innocent encounter between the individuals who just observe the rankles and the individuals who just see the advantages. The story however is considerably more perplexing and, over the time, t hese prerequisites cant fit in clichà © plans. To state it in an unexpected way: big data investigation is digging in for the long haul, and additionally security. The objective of this part is to blueprint how the innovative capacity to remove esteem from information for cutting edge society and the control over it, which is exemplified by security standards, can succeed together. Understanding Infrastructure The more data security experts must analyze, the better they can understand the infrastructure of a complex network. The big network attacks of recent memory are analyzed on a big data scale This shows analyst, how to improve the design of the networks infrastructure and implement security tools to negate cyber-attacks. The more secure and sound the foundation of a network is the less likely data would be compromised. Understanding Hackers Big data is also being used to pinpoint which hacker is guilty of committing the cyber-attack. Security experts can analyze attacks and connect the hackers habits or routines when they attack a network. Cyber experts can react quickly and perform efficiently when theyre familiar with a hackers routine, possibly tracking the hackers actions and possibly finding the location of the hacker. In addition, by using big data, security experts are also able to find hackers through different social media platforms such as, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and many other forums that may be a site where other hackers may reside. Hacking has leaked personal selective information or were done for just fame, but recent hacking targets fellowship, administration agencies. This variety of attempt is commonly called APT (Advanced Persistent Threat). APT attack is a special kind of onslaught that use mixer engineering, zero-Day picture and other techniques to penetrate the target scheme and persistently collect valuable entropy. It can give massive impairment to national agencies or initiative. Another author states An advanced persistent threat (APT) uses multiple forms to break into a network, avoid detection, and harvest valuable information over the long full term. This info-graphic particular s the attack phases, methods, and need that differentiate APTs from other targeted approach (Siegel, J. E.). Security system of pattern for spotting and security measure system of rules against cyber-onrush are firewalls, trespass detection arrangement, encroachment bar system, anti -viruses answer , data base encryption, DRM solutions etc. Moreover, integrated monitoring technologies for managing system log are used. These security department solutions are developed based on signature. Per various reports, trespass detection systems and intrusion bar systems are not capable of defending against APT onset because there are no signature tune. Therefore, to overcome this issue, security expert is offset to apply data minelaying technologies to detect previously targeted attacks. We propose a new exemplar based on big data analysis technology to prevent and detect previously unknown APT attacks. APT attack is usually done in four steps: intrusion, searching, collection and attack. Figure one describes the attack procedure in detail. Development of Security Tools Hackers can develop complex tools that can find vulnerabilities in a network. By way of big data, cyber experts can develop tools to counter the hacker, aiding security experts in compliance reporting, monitoring, alerting and overall management of complex systems. A big data analytical tool a lot of companies are becoming familiar with is Lumify. Lumify Lumify is an open source tool that creates a visualization platform for analysis of big data, including 2D and 3D graph visualizations, full-text search, complex histograms, interactive geographic maps, and collaborative workspaces. Search Results The user can upload their own personal data or begin with a search with a built-in search engine. The search engine can find artifacts such as documents, images, and videos or entities, which are individual terms pulled out of the artifacts by an analyst during the data extraction process. The data can also be edited to fit a specific search by using Lumifys built in filters, decreasing the amount of data that is unusable for this specific search (pictured below). After the search results are found the user can use the graphic visualization tool. Graphic Visualization Analysis of big data can be complex, terabytes of data is combed through, in attempts to connect a common interest. Lumify makes the process of analyzation easier through graphic visualization. After the search is complete (shown above), the user can place the results on the graph through drag and drop. The user then can click on the results and load all related items or related items of a certain type, creating a relationship between the entities. The relationship between the entities can be created or Lumify can find a common interest. Map Integration When loading data/entity in Lumify the data/entity can be connected to a geographical location, any entity/data that has a location, the location symbol will be seen next to the entity (pictured below). In the top left-hand corner of the (pictured below) the user can click the location menu and the global map will appear with the locations associated with the entities that were previously loaded. The user than can load data within a radius of the entity location and click to see results that relate to the location of your entity. The map and visual are fully compatible with each other, meaning whatever you do in one area of the database, the other tool is updated with the latest data. Lumify can be the leading BIG DATA analytical tool on the market because of its ability to display BIG DATA visually. Conclusion The chances of cyber-attacks increase daily because of a dependency on the internet to achieve daily task, per Susan OBrien of Datameer, 99 percent of computers are vulnerable to attacks, nearly 1 million malware threats are released daily, and the estimated cost of cyber-crimes average a BILLION dollars!! Big data has already produced positive results in its efforts to dwarf cyber threats, per security website HELPNETSECURITY federal agencies that effectively use big data analytics see improvements in cybersecurity. In fact, 84 percent of big data users say their agency has successfully used big data analytics to thwart a cybersecurity attack and 90 percent have seen a decline in security breaches malware (50 percent), insider threats (47 percent), and social engineering (46 percent) because of using big data analytics. Evolving cyber threats demand a new generation of cyber tactics, big data is leading the way in making the internet and the world a safer place. We now live in the era of Big Data. Whether we like it or not, companies are regularly collecting reams of information about us as we go about our daily lives. They are tracking us as we visit web sites. They also tracking while we are walking around stores, and as we purchasing products. While some of the information may be mundane, some of it can be highly sensitive, including very specific details about our finances and our health status. To protect the data of our life there always challenging for big organization and government agency. Big data is high-volume, high-velocity and high-variety information assets and demands cost-effective, innovative forms of information processing for enhanced insight and decision making. Variability is in the data flows velocity, which has cost-effectiveness and that leads to the producing of additional processors in cloud systems to handle the load which increases. The log data that are from devices flows into systems, the change and analysis can be done before the curation of data into persistent storage. Volume is the characteristic of the data set and identification of the big data. The cyber must also deal with a richer set of attributes for the resources which adds in a variety of other contextual datasets into the analysis. Variety is the Big Data attribute. This attribute enables most sophisticated cyber analytics. The mechanism is required to bring multiple and highly diverse datasets in scalable way. The security can be obtained through a controlled metadata. We now live in the era of Big Data, whether we like it or not, companies are regularly collecting reams of information about us as we go about our daily lives, details about our finances and our health status. Ontologies for metadata helps to find out that is already existed, encompassing resources and attack event ontologies. Ontology for metadata is for browsing and querying metadata. The ontology representations of the facts are full confidence in the data being described. While this metadata could be browsed manually, the real value comes if it can be actionable; such that selections over the metadata ontology would automatically construct queries to the Big Data Machine learning technique the best to technique to protect big data. Government also has to take serious action about how the big data have to handle to protect the personal information. So any big data collector or government agency have to take further step to protect the privacy of citizen. References OBrien, S. (2016, May 05). Challenges to Cyber Security How Big Data Analytics Can Help. Retrieved October 27, 2016, from https://datameer-wp-production-origin.datameer.com/company/datameer-blog/challenges-to-cyber-security-and-how-big-data-analytics-can-help/ Big Data to Fight Crime. (2015, June 10). Retrieved October 27, 2016, from https://www.promptcloud.com/big-data-to-fight-cyber-crime/ (2016, August 30). Retrieved October 27, 2016, from https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2016/08/30/feds-big-data-analytics-cybersecurity/ Lumify Documentation. (n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2016, from http://lumify.io/docs/ Siegel, J. E. (2016). Data proxies, the cognitive layer, and application locality: enablers of cloud- connected vehicles and next-generation internet of things (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). http://csi.utdallas.edu/events/NSF/NSF-workhop-Big-Data-SP-Feb9-2015_FINAL.pdf http://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Gaddam-Securing-Your-Big-Data-Environment-wp.pdf ceur-ws.org/Vol-1097/STIDS2013_P1_JanssenGrady.pdf

Adhering to various articles of the uniform code of military justice Essay

Today’s Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice is the result of a long history of advances in the rights of military personnel in which duty, obligation, and consequences are spelled out. It is the responsibility of every member of the armed services to keep this in mind and to embrace the Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice as a guide for appropriate behavior. The precursors to the Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) include the Articles of War (1912-1920), The Elston Act (1948), and The Morgan Draft of 1949, each of which significantly furthered the rights of military personnel while securing the equitable application of justice (Articles of War; Elston Act; Uniform Code of Military Justice). Given the long history of the UCMJ, and the number of revisions that have taken place in order to create the modern Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice, military personnel should remember and respect the efforts that were put forth to ensure their protections while serving in the military. All personnel should value the efforts of their predecessors by acting in accordance with the Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. As a dedicated soldier in the Military of the United States of America, it is my duty to adhere to the Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice so that I might best represent myself, my Company, and my Country, and I failed in this duty on October XX, 2006 when I did not report to a special work detail. This was an unfortunate event that I should have avoided, and having reflected on the situation, I see that I erred in several respects. In the future, I shall avoid repeating such actions as it is not my intent to perform or reflect poorly on the military, my fellow soldiers, or myself. Although I failed to report to the special work detail, and violated a number of the Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice, it was not my intent to ignore my duties or act in a manner that, in retrospect, might be viewed as a lack of effort and dedication on my part as well as, perhaps, being viewed as a general disrespect for my fellow officers. I offer no excuse; however, it is my hope that a brief explanation of the situation will show that I did attempt to fulfill my obligations and that I now understand that my actions should have been different. On October XX, 2006, I made an error by arriving to the designated special work detail location one hour in advance of the actual starting time; this error on my part was due to a simple miscommunication. While the miscommunication itself was an event that was primarily out of my control, my actions following my early arrival could have been different. Instead of making every effort to assure that I was at the correct location and had reported at the correct time, I simply returned home. This was not the best choice, and I regret having erred in this way. I compounded this initial error in judgment by assuming that shortly after leaving the special work detail site that I would be contacted via telephone and informed about where and when I was actually to report. This phone call never came, and I made yet another poor choice in not following up on this on my own. Having thought my actions over, I see clearly that as a member of the armed services, I may be faced with occasional miscommunications. I am aware, now, that it is my responsibility to (when possible and appropriate) confirm my assignments with my fellow soldiers to avoid such miscommunications, and if faced with a situation as was the case on October XX, 2006, it is my duty to do everything in my power to ascertain what my obligations are. The Uniform Code of Military Justice can be viewed as â€Å"the foundation for the United. States military justice system,† and as a member of the Armed Forces, it is important that I respect and follow the Code’s Articles without fail (Index & Legislative History of the UCMJ). I showed poor judgment and an overall lack of respect for myself and my fellow soldiers on October XX, 2006 when I failed to report for a special work detail. This was a failure on my part that occurred as a result of a series of poor choices that I made, and I regret having acted in this manner. When I did not appear for the special work detail on October XX, 2006, I violated several Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice, and in so doing, I did not do my best in representing myself, my Company, or my Country. I am well aware that there are no valid excuses for my actions, and I intend to do my best not to exhibit further incidents of poor judgment. It is my goal to perform my duties at all times to the best of my abilities, and in a manner that reflects positively on me, my Company, and the United States of America. Violating any of the Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice contradicts my intentions, and I regret my actions. Missing the special work detail on October XX, 2006 means I failed to appear at my appointed place of duty at the appointed time which was a violation of Article 86 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Absence Without Leave (Powers, Article 86). This action was not appropriate, and I should have made every effort to ascertain when and where I was to have reported. Special work details are a regular part of a soldier’s responsibilities, and by not reporting on October XX, 2006, I let myself and my company down. Obviously, my not being present meant the other members of my work detail had to take up the slack for my not being present: they became responsible for performing my share of the work. This is contrary to my training, and it is contrary to my duties as a soldier. I realize that as a member of a team, my role is one that I must take seriously, and I cannot let the other members of my team down or threaten my team’s ability to succeed by failing to uphold my portion of any given task. This is what happened on October XX, 2006, when I failed to report to the special work detail. This was an action I regret, and one I hope not to repeat. The United States Military relies on each and every one of its members to report to duty fully prepared to perform and in a manner timely enough to perform as required, and because each soldier depends on his fellow soldiers, it is important that no one be absent without leave. It is also possible that one soldier’s failure to report makes more difficult or prevents the ability of other members of his Squad, Platoon, or Company to perform their assigned tasks, and this could create a number of negative consequences that do not reflect well on anyone. I understand that my failing to report where I was required to do so and when I was required to do so on October XX, 2006 when I missed the special work detail was a violation of Article 86 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Absence Without Leave, and that this showed a lapse in judgment which should not be repeated in the future. I intend to avoid further violations of this Article as I understand that this failure reflects poorly on the United States of America, the Military, my Squad, Platoon, or Company, and myself. Special work details are often assigned as part of my obligations as a soldier, and by choosing not to report on October XX, 2006, I failed to obey the order of a superior commissioned officer which is a violation of Article 90 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Willfully Disobeying a Superior Commissioned Officer (Powers, Article 90). This was disrespectful, and I regret my actions. I am well aware of the importance of following orders, and it was not my intent to fail to do so. The importance of the Chain of Command cannot be over-emphasized. Each member of a Squad, a Platoon, or a Company must know his role and fulfill it without fail. The Chain of Command provides an easy means by which individuals can work together towards a shared goal while avoiding undue confusion whether completing tasks that are simple or completing tasks that are extremely complex. Superior officers give orders to those under their command to ensure that shared goals are met based on the appropriate and necessary actions of their subordinate personnel. I did not fulfill my role, and in failing to do so, I let myself and those who depend on me down, and I may have cast doubt on whether or not others can rely on me in the future. In addition, my inaction in this situation most likely created a hardship on the other members of my Squad, Platoon, Company by requiring that they do extra work. I understand that my failure to follow the orders of a superior was inappropriate, and not in the best interests of myself or my fellow soldiers, and that further violations of Article 90 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Willfully Disobeying a Superior Commissioned Officer are not in my best interest. Having thought about this, I see clearly that I should have done everything in my power to fulfill my obligations and to avoid the appearance of disrespecting my superior officer by failing to report as ordered. I failed to appear at my appointed place of duty when I missed a special work detail on October XX, 2006. This was a violation of Article 92 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Failure to Obey an Order or a Regulation (Powers, Article 92). This was an error on my part that I regret and intend to avoid in the future. As a proud and dedicated member of the United States’ Armed Services, I do not have the luxury of deciding whether or not I will abide by an order or a regulation. My job is not to decide whether or not I want to do something; my job is to do what I am ordered to do when I am ordered to do it. It is my responsibility to understand that I play a role in a team, and that my failing to perform my part of a task assigned to the team I am a part of puts all members of that team at risk of failing. In failing to report to the special work detail on October XX, 2006, I let myself and my fellow soldiers down, and I showed poor judgment. Every Company needs order, and the surest way to ensure that individuals come together to form a cohesive group is to establish regulations that must be followed. By failing to report to my special work detail on October XX, 2006, I jeopardized the cohesion of my group, and I brought into question the degree to which I might be relied upon in the future. After thinking about my actions and the effect that my lack of following through had, I regret not having done more to ensure that I knew where and when I was supposed to report on October XX, 2006. I understand that my failure to report to the special work detail on October XX, 2006 was equivalent to failing to obey an order and reflected poorly on myself and my fellow service members, and that violating Article 92 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Failure to Obey an Order or a Regulation does not cast me in a positive light. Because it is my desire to perform all of my duties to the best of my abilities, I regret my actions and hope not to repeat a similar error. My failing to report to the special work detail on October XX, 2006 was in flagrant disregard of good order and discipline and was detrimental to the overall well-being of the command with which I am associated. This was a violation of Article 133 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Conduct Unbecoming an Officer and a Gentleman (Powers, Article 133). I now see clearly that missing my assigned task was an error in judgment on my part, and I intend to do everything in my power to avoid a repeat of this error. As a dedicated representative of the United States of America, it is my duty, my responsibility, and my desire to conduct myself in a manner that represents me, my command, and my country in the most positive light possible. When I missed the special work detail on October XX, 2006, I shed negative light on all facets of the Military, and I regret this. Military Units function best when all of their members work in unison towards a common goal, and my missing the special work detail on October XX, 2006 reflects a lack of discipline and an unwillingness to keep good order, both of which are detrimental to my well-being and that of the members of my Company as well as violating Article 133 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Conduct Unbecoming an Officer and a Gentleman. It is not my intent to tarnish the image of the Military of the United States of America, and as a representative of the Armed Forces, my failing to report to the special work detail on October XX, 2006 did just that. This is an action I regret. I neglected my duty to the prejudice of good order and discipline in the Armed Forces when I chose to miss the special work detail on October XX, 2006. This action constituted a violation of Article 134c of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Disorder and Neglect to the Prejudice of Good Order and Discipline (Powers, Article 134c). It also created a hardship to my fellow soldiers and threatened the proper, timely completion of the task at hand. This discipline of a soldier is only truly challenged when he is faced with a duty he does not want to perform. Because the good order of a Squad, a Platoon, or a Company often depends on the discipline of each of its individual members, it is imperative that every single soldier practices good discipline at all times, especially when circumstances challenge what he wants to do with what he must do. When one soldier fails to put his personal desires aside, it shows a lack of respect towards his fellow soldiers, and it may have the additional adverse effect of tempting others to disobey orders as well. Having thought about my actions, I see that my failing to report on October XX, 2006 did just this, and I regret my actions and the effect they may have had on others. I understand that my actions do not reflect well on my desire to uphold good order or discipline, that they cast a negative light on me and my Company, and that further violations of Article 134c of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Disorder and Neglect to the Prejudice of Good Order and Discipline are not in my best interest. It is my intent to keep this in mind and in the future, to act with a greater degree of appropriate decision-making. I fully appreciate the historical significance of today’s Uniform Code of Military Justice, and my responsibility as a proud and dedicated member of the United States Armed Services to adhere to its Articles. I understand that my actions on October XX, 2006 when I failed to report to my special work detail appears to be an indication on my part of a lack of respect for the UCMJ, the basis of the military justice system, and that in skipping my special work detail on October XX, 2006, I violated Article 86 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Absence Without Leave; Article 90 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Willfully Disobeying a Superior Commissioned Officer; Article 92 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Failure to Obey an Order or a Regulation; Article 133 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Conduct Unbecoming an Officer and a Gentleman; and Article 134c of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Disorder and Neglect to the Prejudice of Good Order and Discipline. Having taken time to reflect upon my actions, I see clearly that regulations are in place to assist me, as a soldier, in performing my duties in the manner that best suits me individually and my fellow soldiers as a whole, and that in failing to report to my special work detail on October XX, 2006, I let myself and those who count on me down. This lapse in judgment reflects poorly on me, on my Company, and on the United States of America, and I intend to avoid any similar events in my future, so that I might reflect the attitude of the proud, dedicated soldier that I am to those with whom I serve. R eferences Articles of War (1912-1920). , The In Military Legal Resources.Library of Congress. U. S. Govt. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from http://www. loc. gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/AW-1912-1920. html. Elston Act (1948), The. In Military Legal Resources. Library of Congress. U. S. Govt. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from http://www. loc. gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/ Elston_act. html. Index & Legislative History of the UCMJ (1950). In Military Legal Resources. Library of Congress. U. S. Govt. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from http://www. loc. gov/rr/ frd/Military_Law/index_legHistory. html. Pound, Edward T. (2002, December 16). Creating a code of justice. History. U. S. News & World Report. Retrieved August 30, 2006 from http://www.usnews. com/usnews/ news/articles/021216/16justice. b. htm. Powers, Rod. Punitive Articles of the UCMJ: Article 86—Absence without leave. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from http://usmilitary. about. com/od/punitivearticles/a/mcm86. htm. Powers, Rod. Punitive Articles of the UCMJ: Article 90—Assaulting or willfully disobeying superior commissioned officer. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from http://usmilitary. about. com/od/punitivearticles/a/mcm86. htm. Powers, Rod. Punitive Articles of the UCMJ: Article 92—Failure to obey order or regulation. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from http://usmilitary. about. com/od/punitivearticles/ a/mcm92. htm. Powers, Rod. Punitive Articles of the UCMJ: Article 133—Conduct unbecoming an officer and gentleman. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from http://usmilitary. about. com/od/ punitivearticles/a/mcm133. htm. Powers, Rod. Punitive Articles of the UCMJ: Article 134—General article. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from http://usmilitary. about. com/od/punitivearticles/a/134. htm. Uniform Code of Military Justice; Text, References and Commentary Based on the Report of the Committee on a Uniform Code of Military Justice to the Secretary of Defense [the Morgan Draft] (1949). In Military Legal Resources. Library of Congress. U. S. Govt. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from http://www. loc. gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/morgan. html.

Recognizing Contract Risk and Opportunities Business Plan

A contract is a promise for breach of which the law gives a remedy, or the performance of which the law in a way recognizes as a duty. Usually, a contract is signed only after the parties agree and understand the terms and conditions governing the contact. Some parties tend to encounter contract issues down the line because he/she did not proof read or ask questions. Negotiating contracts give each party the opportunity to make changes and give input before anything is made final. According to the agreement, the following legal issues must be adhered to: Neither of the parties can cancel the agreement in whole or part subsequent to more than 50% of the consideration having been tendered by the other. This particular clause is a barrier to the cancellation of the contact by CS since the contract has already proceeded for eight months, which is beyond the fifty percent mark. Internal Escalation procedure for addressing disputes. This states that prior to filling any formal proceedings pertaining to disputes shall call for progressive management involvement in the dispute negotiation by a written notice to the other party and this throws CS into confusion since nothing of such a procedure occurred and it unilaterally indicated rescission thereby leading to a violation of the progressive management involvement in the dispute negotiation. Intellectual property rights on the payment of all sums due to span as per the agreement bars CS from demanding delivery of all since some of the deliveries have not been paid for. Requirements change; in the event that CS require a change to the user and systems requirements originally agreed to, it will notify spam as soon as possible during the regular business hours and pay span any accruals at an agreed rate: there have been against the ordinary changes to unusual growth in requirements agreed to in the contract. Communications and reporting: during the project, there was to be regular schedules of status meetings between the project managers which failed because of a change in project management at CS. Several problems arose in this contract, first, the issue that Spans deliverables had been behind schedule and that the quality of those deliverables has been faulty in the user test phase of the project. CS also had some issues with performance as a result of a change in the project management staff of CS. These underlying issues are at the heart of the performance argument which seem to be totally linked to schedule and quality of products.  Ã‚   The issue at hand was that the original contract was written with no clear and concise wording as to an approach to project completion or specialty clauses. MEMO Topic:   Risks and opportunities Recognizing contract risks and opportunity can be a tedious task for everyone involved in the specific contract. Citizen-Schwarz (C-S) contracted Span to develop a banking software system. C-S and Span have entered into a $6 million one year agreement that is not working for either one of them. The dispute is that Spans deliverables have been behind schedule during the last eight months. Span also admits that the quality might have declined based on the pressing need to meet deadlines. The contract is worth six million with the opportunity to secure the contract to build a bigger program for Citizen-Schwarz AG.  Ã‚   When the contract reached the eight million mark, Citizen-Schwarz became dissatisfied with Span Systems performance and delivery and asked for rescission from the contract.  Ã‚   Both sides started identifying their needs and risks and negotiations were begun with each side working toward contractual agreements. Span Systems Needs and Risks The primary risks in this contract between Schwartz and Span System was the ambiguity of the language used in the contract.  Ã‚   The definition of the scope of the project was not clear nor was the responsibility of each party clearly defined.  Ã‚   User and System requirements were also not established. The potential cost and timeliness, therefore, loomed as a point of dispute as the project progressed.  Ã‚   It is important to look at each point of contentment. In summary, the following needs and risks can be identified on the side of Span: Maintain a good working relationship with the client; Citizen-Schwarz Develop a and delivering a dependable and reliable software product They also risk being questioned by client regarding performance on deliverables which in turn affects quality and the software’s time schedules. Turn Around time on the approval and review times at Citizen-Schwarz AG. On the one hand, Span has several opportunities including the fact that, despite the delay and the quality, CS can not stop the contract and so it has to receive all payment due to it since over 50% delivery is already made. Another is the fact that no case can be filed against it without its prior consent and negotiation with a written notice. Citizen-Schwarz AG Risks Span Systems deliverables are behind schedule The quality of the already delivered code is substandard Citizen-Schwarz also has a deadline within which to release the new software. Demanding immediate transfer of all unfinished code and asserted rescission is not possible instead it risk making payment even for the undelivered. Need to address schedule slips and quality issues They also risk agreeing that scope of project has changed and does not recognize any breaching of contract. So both parties agreed that the five areas below needed revisions; performance, change control, dispute resolution, project structure and communications reporting. To overcome the above risks, the managers to be responsible will act independently to minimize the following problems. The managers of CS would minimize the periods of recruiting new project mangers until the period for the completion of the project so as to enable the organization of the meetings to discuss progress and limit frequent training. They also have to constantly and thoroughly review every contract before accepting to append their signatures in future. They will also have to constantly verify the quantity and quality of the deliverables so that they do not have to wait for the last minute rush. References Deborah, E. (2009). Business organisations for paralegals. Califonia: Aspen. Harry, G. (1970). Handbook of the law of corporation and other business enterprises. Califonia: West Pub. Rodger, L. (2009). Fundermentals for business law. Chicago: Cengage.

Comparison Of John F Kennedy Inaugural Address - 999 Words

The Inauguration of President John F. Kennedy and the Farewell Address to the Nation by President Ronald Reagan share similar tones when addressing the American people. As one President enters the white house and the other leaves, both men share their admiration, strength, and compassion that the American people share when working together. The Farewell Address and the Inauguration were two of the most memorable speeches of all time. It is as though both men were speaking to the public as if they personally knew everyone in America. President John F. Kennedys Inaugural Address occurred on January 20, 1961 in Washington D.C. His main goal in the speech was to unify the entire human race and to make the world a better place. The President†¦show more content†¦President Kennedy was a great speaker but President Reagan earned the title, â€Å"The Great Communicator.† President Reagan gave his Farewell Address on January 11,1989 in the Oval Office of the White House. He states, â€Å"Its been quite a journey this decade, and we held together through some stormy seas. And at the end, together, we are reaching our destination.† The destination Reagan is referring to would be the America that he impacted. He states there are two great triumphs that fueled his presidency: the economic recovery that created 19 million new jobs, and the recovery of morale. He believed that America was looked at with respect and leadership. The speech discussed Regan’s agenda on presenting America as a powerful nation to all enemies, nations, and allies to help solve issues diplomatically. The president makes reference to a nickname he acquired while in office, â€Å"The Great Communicator.† Reagan says, â€Å"I won a nickname, ‘The Great Communicator.’ But I never thought it was my style or the words I used that made a difference: it was the content.† In his speech Regan talks to America like he knows them, personally. There was no political jargon used but instead simplicity and endearing statements. The Inaugural Address and the Farewell Address made Americans feel apart of the political process.Show MoreRelatedThe Rhetorical Analysis Of John F. Kennedy839 Words   |  4 Pages On January 20, 1961, John Fitzgerald Kennedy became the youngest man to possess presidency in the United States of America. As a young, wealthy man Kennedy rapidly climbed the political ladder by initially representing a working class Boston district in the United States Congress, then continuing on to the House of Representatives, followed by the United States Senate, and ending with the victorious defeat of his presidential opponent, to become the 35th president of the United States. AccordingRead More Rhetorical Analysis of JFKs Inauguration Speech Essay927 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy delivered one of the most important American speeches after being sworn in as president on January 20, 1961. His inauguration speech was so influential that it seized the nation’s attention, and quotes from it are still clearly remembered by people today. It is considered one of the best speeches ever written and ever delivered. It presents a strong appeal to pathos, ethos, a nd logos and accomplishes what any speaker strives for – it speaks straight to the heart of the audienceRead MoreThe Inaugural Address of John Kennedy534 Words   |  2 PagesJohn Kennedy was one of the most skillful orators among all the presidents of United States of America. His speeches were always persuasive, motivating and inspiring. One of his best speeches is â€Å"Inaugural Address†, which he addressed to Vice President Johnson, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice president Nixon, President Truman, Reverend Clergy, and, of course, his fellow citizens. His speech was divided into four major parts, and all the parts were highly inspiring, especiallyRead MoreEssay on Rhetorical Devices in JFKs Inaugural Speech680 Words   |  3 Pagesto be read to an audience. In the Inauguration Speech of 1961 given by President John F. Kennedy, he was able to really connect with his audience that day by using lots of different rhetorical devices. By u sing chiasmus, anaphoras, and metaphors, JFK was able to effectively reach and persuade people to have faith in him despite his age and religion. Perhaps the most important line of JFKs entire inaugural address was a utilization of chiasmus, which is a figure of speech by which the order ofRead MoreA Revolutionary Vote For A New Generation1045 Words   |  5 Pagesevery presidency is an inaugural address that lies out what the candidate plans to do during his term. These are sometimes once in a lifetime moments that no one should miss. On January 20, 1961, President John F. Kennedy gave his inspirational and uplifting address that outlined his plans as President in a way that would rally the young American population behind him because of his use of rhetorical appeals and strategies of argumentation. It is clear from the speech, that Kennedy plans on uniting theRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy s President Of The United States1171 Words   |  5 Pagesare people whose similarities never cease to amaze us. The resemblance is so strong that one wonders if he has never been a relationship between those two people in a previous life. In this case it is the former president of the United Sates John F. Kennedy, one of the most legendary president of the United States. He is listed as the youngest elected president and die at the heart of its mandate to the presidency of the United States, killed two years after entering the White House. Today it remainsRead MoreEssay on Young Candidates Find Success In Presidential Elections2339 Words   |  10 Pagesthe intensity of these elections, but the common factor has been the candidates involved. John F. Kennedy and Barack Obama entered the presidential arena in a whirlwind of controversy and anticipation of citizens. The success of both John F. Kennedy and Barack Obama stem from their similar qualities, the state the nation during the election period, and their utilization of framing tactics. John F. Kennedy and Barack Obama have many similar qualities that were beneficial to their presidential campaignRead MoreThe American Government is Retracting its Social Contract Essay4249 Words   |  17 Pagesby addressing Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s New Deal Policy because that was when social welfare programs became necessary for basic human survival. I then use John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address to note when volunteerism historically gained popularity. In addition, I analyze the Peace Corps, a federally-sponsored program that Kennedy created, by proving that presidents use volunteering as ulterior motives to gain political clout. Next, I show how Ronald Reagan transferred social welfareRead MoreTo What Extent Did The Cuban Revolution In 1959 Mark A Turning Point Essay5328 Words   |  22 Pagesaccessed 31st July.] [9: Ibid.] [10: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951002963089d;view=1up;seq=3, accessed 31st July 2018.] [11: http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/bayofpigs/chron.html, accessed 31st July 2018.] Presidency of John F. Kennedy: The only time Kennedy was really negatively involved with Latin America was with the Cuban Missile Crisis. Despite his Presidency only lasting two years, Kennedy’s administration saw the most hostile years between Cuba and America. The Cold War was veryRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesEDITION - PROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION HAROLD KERZNER, Ph.D. Division of Business Administration Baldwin-Wallace College Berea, Ohio John Wiley Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright O 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any

Analysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men - 849 Words

â€Å"Wha’s the matter with me?’ she cried. ‘Ain’t I got a right to talk to nobody? Whatta they think I am, anyways?† (Steinbeck 87) In the novella Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, Curley’s wife is discriminated against because she is a woman living in the 1930s when few females could live economically independent of men. By choosing not to name her, Steinbeck reinforces her insignificance on the ranch and her dependence on Curley. While a misfortunate victim of isolation, Curley’s wife exerts unexpected power attempting to mask her pain. While Crooks, a victim of racial prejudice, expresses his isolation openly, he also socializes with the other workers on the job and while playing horseshoes with them. Curley’s wife, on the other hand, cannot talk to anyone without suffering the consequences of a jealous husband: â€Å"I get lonely,’ she said. â€Å"You can talk to people, but I can’t talk to nobody but Curley . Else he gets mad. How’d you like not to talk to anybody?† (87) More specifically, Curley’s wife is experiencing homesickness for the first time, because not only did she leave home at an early age to marry Curley, a man whom she does not even like. In fact, she only married him to spite her mother. Not only is Curley hostile and disrespectful towards his wife, he also is controlling. Knowing of Curley’s jealously, the other men fear Curley’s wife and the consequences of taking to her: â€Å"Listen, N****,’ she said . â€Å"You know what I can do to you if you open your trap?† (80)Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 2778 Words   |  12 PagesLiterature 15 October 2014 Author Study: John Steinbeck John Steinbeck, born in February 27, 1902, worked as a manual labor worker before achieving his success as a well renowned American writer. A compassionate understanding of the world s disinherited was to be Steinbeck s hallmark. The novel In Dubious Battle (1936) defends striking migrant agricultural workers in the California fields. In the novel Of Mice and Men(1937; later made into a play), Steinbeck again utilizes the hardships of migrantRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1406 Words   |  6 PagesRhetorical Analysis Essay John Steinbeck, writer of the novel, Of Mice and Men, uses many different rhetorical devices and appeals to unravel the essence and truth of the American Dream, while revolving around the world of these characters, George and Lennie. Written during the great depression, the novel itself shares the lives of many different people during that time period. It explored how everyone was treated through that time due to skin color, disabilities, and gender. Life during thisRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1199 Words   |  5 Pages Alaura Lopez Period 4 December 18, 2014 Mrs. George Of Mice and Men Final Paper John Steinbeck’s book Of Mice and Men presents the story of two men trying and struggling to find the â€Å"American Dream†. In southern Salinas, California during the 1930’s the main characters Lennie, a giant man with a childlike aura and George, the opposite of Lennie, a small man with strong features are displaced migrant ranch workers, that travel from town to town together in hunt of new work opportunitiesRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 926 Words   |  4 Pages In the literary work Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck,the reader is introduced into the depression era where this takes place.This set takes place in the Depression era where everybody is out of a job , the bank crashes , the Stock market crashes. Every man is struggling, trying to find work. Steinbeck teaches the reader about the struggle of working hard for their dreams, having hope, and never giving up. A prime example of this is George, who tells his dream and creates dreams for other peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men839 Words   |  4 Pages Joe Cetrone Response to setting Of Mice and Men Along with the market crash of 1929, the United States underwent an economic calamity. Millions out of work, families destroyed and dreams crushed. Not only this, a solution to this disaster was nowhere in sight. Human existence was in question. And inevitably, the American Dream. With so many out of work, how would it have been possible for people to protect and serve their families? There was not enough money to go around, making it near impossibleRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1367 Words   |  6 Pagesworth. Living life with whom a person loves greatly increases happiness and trust between those in the relationship. But this unity may come at a cost; true friendship requires sacrifice. Friendship and loyalty in the novella, Of Mice and Men, by expression through John Steinbeck’s interpretation, brings greater understanding to their importance of each. Loyalty, protecting and standing by someone who a person respects or loves, as Lennie and George illustrate. Loyalty does involve a treacherousRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1020 Words   |  5 PagesWeak Do opposites really attract? Can two people, with no similarities, share a close bond? It proves to be so in the novel Of Mice and Men , written by John Steinbeck. A novel which tells the story of two men, George and Lennie, and their journey of a new job working on a ranch. A novel with a different but interesting style of writing. A novel where John Steinbeck utilizes how powerful George is over Lennie, to signify how people believe they are dominant over others, because of their greaterRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pagestowards women have been a problem in society since men foolishly decided to give women the stereotype of being housewives and only good for breeding children. Those who refuse to follow the stereotype are considered promiscuous, or unfaithful towards their significant other. This stereotype was highly expected of women during the early twentieth century, and was also exhibited in John Steinbeck’s Of Mice an d Men towards Curley’s wife. Of Mice and Men took place in the 1930s, and the plot follows twoRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1564 Words   |  7 PagesThe Life of John Steinbeck By: Alex Moses Mrs. Seymour 11/20/14 Dear Reader, I chose to research John Steinbeck for the Mulitgenre Research Project. I chose this American author because he has written many old timey American classics that signify the growth of the Untied States, which is exemplified in his novel, â€Å"Of Mice and Men†. This author is important to American literature because â€Å" Ideas are like rabbits. You get a couple and learn how to handle them, andRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1453 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novella Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck portrays the characters as pathetic victims of society, each of them pathetic in their own ways. Yet all of them are lonely, in need of companionship, in need of a relationship and in desperate need to make their dreams come true. Specifically, Steinbeck uses the two main protagonists George and Lennie to convey the theme of the American dream. At the beginning the two men get a job working on a farm together after fleeing from their last jobs at a

Rhetorical analysis “The Hardest of the Hardcore” Free Essays

It is believed that the United States allocates approximately 316 billion dollars a year on these groups. Distant from securing companies, they also provide security for the police, and government officials. Most of them are ex-special forces, and veterans. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical analysis â€Å"The Hardest of the Hardcore† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some are ex-cons. Some people refer to them as mercenaries, and some people call them builders. Others would describe the mission as training other soldiers. They are used all around the world, providing different services in support of the United States Military. What is their role? Student, Dylan Fujitani in his research policy argument, â€Å"The hardest of the hardcore† writes an article suggesting the removal of private contractors from the Middle East. It suggests that there is a common misconception that people are confused between the difference of civilian contractors, mercenaries, people in the military, and that civilian contractors should not adopt a military role. He adopts a serious tone in order to clutch the attention of his audience. There are a lot of misconceptions to what some may believe the key objectives of the support staff/private contractors/ mercenaries are in the Middle East, and Congress must swiftly act to level the playing field between US military personnel and private security contractors. Most of the writer’s points in the essay seem relevant, and consistent with my past experiences in dealing with private contractors. I agree that there is a common misconception about the role of the private contractor/mercenary. Historically, the mercenary is a soldier for hire, however, the private contractor also has different dignitary support roles. Fujitani successfully uses pathos in his essay to persuade his audience particularly when he suggests that the use of mercenaries circumvents public, and congressional scrutiny of some aspects of war (Fujitani 374). The writer’s purpose here is trying to persuade people, by giving an emotional appeal that civilian contractors (who have questionable prior backgrounds) are armed, are given essentially given legal immunity. Another example of Fujitani using pathos is when he said that placing more contractors in the theater of war is a good way to keep US troops numbers down, but politically it’s more expensive. Here he is suggesting that the United States is trying to mask the severity of war. Even though he provided examples from both sides of the case, he’s extremely ineffective in this area because it seems he was not concerned with presenting the counterargument fair-mindedly. Although the writer uses pathos in this particular section part of his essay, most of this paper is logos heavy. These styles of comparison help the writer convey to his audience a sense of importance by using the language that is quite familiar to the military. He indeed uses language that was easy for military, and nonmilitary personnel to understand. The writer seems very prejudiced, however, uses citations to support his opinion. I agree with the writer on the information that was presented, and how he was able to break down the concepts. I understand what he proposes when he references the role of civilian mercenaries. The writer was able to convince readers that his opinion was truly legit using ethos by referencing several published articles from credible sources. The reference New York Times article also gives good examples to support his reasoning. In contrast to what the writer believes, I believe that there is a position that supports the private contracting business overseas. The writer clearly overlooks some important points that should be noted on the contrary. In my experience, I believe civilian contractors provide essential support services to the United States military. It is imperative that the military should not waste valuable resources, and manpower on support positions. To the contrary of what most people think, war is not always shooting at people, capturing prisoners, and kicking down doors 24 hours a day. A lot of essential jobs are in support. The use of private contractors help with convoys, logistics, and food services help free up essential manpower for the military to concentrate on high mission profile assignments. In conclusion, the writer’s essay was ineffective because I believe that his essay appeals to one type of audience. The writer seems to not have any knowledge of how wartime operations are drawn out and conducted. Although not perfect, I believe that the use of private contractors are essential and should not be completely weeded out the process. On the contrary, he was effective because I think he used mostly logos to appeal to his audience. He references essentially six principles on why private contractors/mercenaries should be extremely downscaled. He starts off by reference in how mercenaries disguised the true cost of war. Here he explains how civilian contractors actually disguise the number of deployed troops. He goes on and references how civilian contractors have no loyalties, and ultimately answer only to their employers and not the military. He again uses logos by citing a report on how mercenaries assigned in Saudi Arabia left their post indefinitely, because they were not comfortable. Fujanti then moves to tie the two points together making a clear contrast on how the US military, and civilian mercenaries are accountable to the Geneva Convention. He describes how civilian mercenaries have no accountability to the law to whereas the US military does. The mercenaries are considered â€Å"noncombatants† and therefore it is difficult for them to fall within the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). The writer closes his argument by expressing how private contractors frequently hire employees with questionable backgrounds. He appeals to his audience by citing an article from the New York Times how 1500 S. African mercenaries are now in the Iraqi area. He expresses that many of the people that are participating admitted to being former apartheid mercenaries. Fujanti is clearly frustrated knowing that these kinds of practices are frequently carried, nothings done about it, and moves to propose his solution by conveying that the problems that were discussed earlier needs to be addressed by Congress swiftly, and immediately to protect the legitimate uses of war from market forces, lawlessness, and the abuse of power. How to cite Rhetorical analysis â€Å"The Hardest of the Hardcore†, Papers

Childbirth and Midwife free essay sample

Midwives are autonomous professionals who are responsible for delivering high quality and holistic care for women during the antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal period’s . This involves working in close partnership with women to enable the provision of all necessary support, care and guidance (ICM, 2011). The midwife also has the important task of providing woman -centred care whilst always striving to promote normal birth (midwifery 20 20). The royal college of midwives (RCM, 2010a) describes normal childbirth as one where a woman begins, continues and completes labour physiologically at term without intervention. However it must be recognised that normality is a hazy subject in health care and there are many different theories making it difficult to define. This essay will discuss the role of the midwife in the provision of normal midwifery care during the intrapartum period, specifically in relation to up-right positioning and mobility during labour and birth. It will analyse the essential skills a midwife must acquire to allow the provision of normal midwifery care, the main components include; becoming an advocate for the woman, empowering the woman to make informed choices by providing evidence based information and the importance of continuous support and effective communication. The importance of mobility will also be examined and the role of the midwife in enabling mothers achieve effective mobility during labour will be discussed. There are also numerous different positions that women can adopt during the intrapartum period , there are various advantages for different positions therefore the role of the midwife in helping mother’s to accomplish these positions will also be considered. An imperative role that midwife must adopt in the promotion of mobility during labour and birth, is the role of an educator (Dunkley, Bent, 2012 Mayes book ref). It is important that the woman has been provided with all of the relevant information regarding mobility and positioning. Antenatal classes can be very beneficial and discuss labour in great detail. However not every woman will attend these classes and it is therefore the role of the attending). midwife to educate the woman of the benefits and ensure that the woman understands all of the information, enabling her to make an informed decision. Any information must derive from evidence based practice as stipulated by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2011 In order for a midwife to be able to inform her practice it is essential that she keeps up to date with the latest research, guidance, policy changes and statutory training. This is why midwives are described as lifelong learners (Mayes PG 47). The (RCM, 2005) emphasises the importance of a midwife’s knowlegde of anatomy in the understanding of how adapting different positions in labour can aid the physiological processes. One of the benefits that the mother should be made aware of is that remaining mobile during labour can aid the descent of the fetus (Midirs, 2008). Despite more women being educated on the benefits of mobility and positioning, the majority of women in the United Kingdom continue to labour and give birth lying down on a bed. A survey carried out by the (RCM, 2010b) concluded that a massive sixty three per cent of the women surveyed gave birth in a recumbent position. It is ultimately the mother’s decision to decide what position she may want to adapt during labour and birth however the midwife has a duty of care to ensure that she possess the adequate knowledge to make an informed choice (NMC, 2011). It is important that the midwife develops a quick rapport with a woman in her care if the woman is to actively listen and take in any information that is being offered. According to (Midirs, 2006) a qualitative study in the Netherlands concluded that the dominating factor in influencing the women’s choice of birthing positions was the advice she had been given by her midwife. A Cochrane review carried out by(Hodnett et al 2011) also mirrors these findings and suggests that the length of time in labour may even be reduced and there may also be fewer interventions if a supportive care giver (the midwife in this case) is present. To be able to build an effective and trusting relationship, one to one care is essential, furthermore the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (Nice, 2007) guidelines state that all women should be provided with one to one care while in labour. This care should ideally take place in a warm and welcoming environment The birthing environment plays an integral role in the provision of women-centred care. It is therefore the responsibility of the midwife to ensure the environment is safe, hazard free and suitable for mobilisation in the aim to provide normal midwifery care (Midwifery matters, 2010 ref 5). In the hospital setting, the bed tends to be the central feature in the delivery room , the midwife should consider moving the bed to the side prior to the woman’s arrival and maybe provide a comfortable chair( The Practising Midwife, 2003 REF 9). The (RCM, 2010a) campaign for normal birth also recommends the use of low lighting, removing any unnecessary equipment and minimising interruptions. Midwives should also be sensitive to the importance of respecting a woman’s privacy and helping to maintain her dignity at all times. Suggests that women are encouraged to adjust the environment to meet their own individual needs during labour and delivery, this helps to empower women and give them a sense of self-control. The midwife is obliged to facilitate the woman’s needs to the best of her ability and could maybe suggest bringing in some aids such as bean bags or a birthing ball that can enhance a woman’s comfort while also promoting mobility and upright positioning ( The Practising Midwife, 2003 REF 9). Mobility is especially important in early stages of labour as this can aid the descent of the fetus through the pelvis (British Journal of Midwifery, 2010 REF 18). The first stage of labour, in particular the Latent phase can be a particularly confusing and worrying time for women as they often believe themselves to be in established labour. How the woman’s care is managed at this stage is vitally important and can have implications for the remainder of the birthing experience. The midwife has a huge part to play in supporting the mother through this stage by listening to her, remaining positive and providing constant reassurance (RMC, 2010a). A recent Cochrane review found that offering continuous support to a woman during labour can reduce the use of pharmacological analgesia, shorten labour, and increase the likelihood of a natural birth while enhancing the woman’s birthing experience (Hodnett et al, 2011). Supporting a woman in labour can be both mentally and physically demanding for a midwife, therefore involving the birthing partner can be beneficial to both the midwife and the woman and can improve the overall quality of care (TB page 10). During this early stage the midwife should encourage the woman to be as mobile as possible and maybe suggest that she walks up and down stairs as this can maximise the pelvic outlet allowing the fetus to descend into the birth canal. A Cochrane review from (Lawrence et al, 2009) found that remaining mobile and adopting upright position can shorten the first stage of labour by about one hour. It is also well recognised that adapting up-right positions during labour and birth have many other advantages for both woman and fetus. The fetus is more inclined to have a better alignment and contractions tend to be more effective help to reduce the risk of; episiotomy, assisted delivery, fetal distress and less severe pain (Gupta and Hoffney, 2006). Women who choose to labour in an up-right position also have a reduced risk of aorto-caval compression , which is when the aorta is constricted and can cause hypotension and loss of consciousness in the Woman (Midirs, 2008 final report). However a review carried out by (Lawrence et al, 2009) implied that there is a link between upright positions and increased blood loss, but a reason for this could be the fact that the woman is in an upright position could the loss more obvious. However research suggests that Giving birth in a recumbent or flat position can have the potential to be more harmful to the fetus and carries a higher risk of an instrumental delivery or a caesarean section (RCM 2010b). It is the role of the midwife to ensure that the woman is aware of all of the evidence on both the benefits and potential risks of labouring and giving birth in an up-right position. She must also confirm the woman’s understanding of the information given.